Old Names of Occupations and Their Meanings

Dan Burrows provides a list of old occupation names and their meanings. This list of terms is helpful for understanding old books and wills.

Accomptant
Accountant
Almoner
Giver of charity to the  needy
Amanuensis
Secretary or stenographer
Artificer
A Soldier mechanic who does repairs
Bailie
Bailiff
Baxter
Baker
Bluestocking
Female writer
Boniface
Keeper of an Inn
Brazier
One who works with brass
Brewster
Beer manufacturer
Brightsmith
Metal worker
Burgonmaster
Mayer
Caulker
One who filled up cracks in ships or windows
Chaisemaker
Carriage maker
Chandler
Dealer or trader; one who makes or sells candles; retailer of groceries
Chiffonnier
Wig maker
Clark
Clerk
Clerk
Clergyman, cleric
Clicker
The servant of a salesman who stood at the door to invite customers
Cohen
Priest
Collier
Coal miner
Colporteur
Peddler of Books
Cooper
One who makes or repairs vessels made of staves & hoops, such as casks, barrels, tubs, etc.
Cordwainer
Shoemaker, originally any leather worker using leather from Cordoval/Cordoba in Spain
Costermonger
Peddler of fruits and vegetables
Crocker
Potter
Crowner
Coroner
Currier
One who dresses the coat of a horse with a currycomb/One who tanned leather by oil/grease
Docker
Stevedore, dock worker who loads and unloads cargo
Dowser
One who finds water using a rod or witching stick
Draper
A dealer in dry goods
Drayman
One who drives a long, strong cart without fixed sides for carrying heavy load
Dresser
A Surgeon’s assistant in a hospital
Drover
One who drives cattle or sheep
Duffer
Peddler/Factor agent, commission merchant
Farrier
A blacksmith, one who shoes horses
Faulkner
Falconer
Fell monger
One who removes hair  or wool from hides in preparation for leather making
Fletcher
One who made bows and arrows
Fuller
One who fulls cloth’ one who shrinks and thickens woolen cloth
Gaoler
A keeper of the goal, a jailer
Glazier
Window glassman
Hacker
Maker of hoes
Hatcheler
One who combed out or carded flax
Haymonger
Dealer in hay
Hayward
Keeper of fences
Higgler
Itinerant peddler
Hillier
Roof tiler
Hind
A farm laborer
Holster
A groom who took care of horses, often at an inn
Hooker
Reaper
Hooper
One who made hoops for casks and barrels
Huckster
Sells small wares
Husbandman
A farmer who cultivated the land
Jagger
Fish peddler
Journeyman
One who had served his apprenticeship and mastered his craft, not bound to serve a master.
Johner/Joiner
A skilled carpenter
Keeler
Bargeman
Kempster
Wool comber
Lardner
Keeper of the cupboard
Lavender
Washer woman
Lederer
Leather maker
Leech
Physician
Longshoreman
Stevedore
Lormer
Maker of horse gear
Malender
Farmer
Malster
Brewer
Manciple
A Steward
Mason
Bricklayer
Mintmaster
One who issued local currency
Monger
Seller of goods (ale, fish)
Muleskinner
Teamster
Neatherder
Herds cows
Ordinary Keeper
Innkeeper with fixed prices
Pattern Maker
A maker of clog shod with an iron ring.  A clog was a wooden pole with a pattern cut into end
Peregrinator
Itinerant wanderer
Peruker
A wig maker
Pettifogger
A shyster lawyer
Pigman
Crockery dealer
Plumber
One who applied sheet lead for roofing and set lead frames for plain or stained glass windows.
Porter
Door keeper
Puddler
Wrought Iron worker
Quarrier
Quarry worker (Rock quarry, etc.)
Rigger
Hoist tackle worker
Ripper
Seller of fish
Roper
Maker of rope or nets
Saddler
One who makes, repairs or sells saddles or other furnishings for horses.
Sawbones
Physicians
Sawyer
One who saws; carpenter; (runs a saw mill)
Schumacker
Shoemaker
Scribler
A minor or worthless author
Scrivener
Professional or public copyist or writer; notary Public
Scrutiner
Election Judge
Shrieve
Sheriff
Slater
Roofer
Slopseller
Seller of ready-made clothes in a slop shop
Snobscat/Snob
One who repaired shoes
Sorter
Tailor
Spinster
A woman who spins or an unmarried woman
Spurrier
Maker of spurs
Squire
Country gentleman; farm owner; justice of peace
Stuff gown
Junior barrister
Stuff Gownsman
Junior barrister
Supercargo
Officer on merchant ship who is in charge of cargo and commercial concerns of ship
Tanner
One who tans (cures) animal hides into leather
Tapley
One who puts the tap in an ale cask
Tasker
Reaper
Teamster
One who drives a team for hauling
Thatcher
Roofer
Tide water
Customs inspector
Tinker
An Itinerant tin pot and pan seller and repairman (watch tinker: one who repairs watches)
Tipstaff
Policeman
Travers
Toll bridge collection
Tucker
Cleaner of cloth goods
Turner
A person who turns wood on a lathe into spindles
Victualer
Tavern keeper, or one who provides food for military ship
Vulcan
Blacksmith
Wagoner
Teamster not for hire
Wainwright
Wagon Maker
Waiter
Customs officer or tide waiter; one who waited on the tide to collect duty on goods brought in.
Waterman
Boatman who plies for hire
Webster
Operator of looms
Wharfinger
Owner of a wharf
Wheelwright
One who made or repaired wheels; wheeled carriages
Whitesmith
Tinsmith; worker of iron who finishes or polishes the work
Whitewing
Street Sweeper
Whitster
Bleach of Cloth
Wright
Workman, especially a construction worker
Yeoman
Farmer who owns his own land

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